Three actuator cascade type thrust reverser actuation system

ABSTRACT

The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a system includes a turbofan engine, a nacelle surrounding the engine and defining an annular bypass duct through the engine to define a generally forward-to-aft bypass air flow path, a thrust reverser movable to and from a reversing position where at least a portion of the bypass air flow path is reversed and comprising a first reverser portion having a first latch element, and a second reverser portion having a second latch element that is reversibly engageable with the first latch element to reversibly secure the second reverser portion to the first reverser portion, and an actuator comprising a catch element coupled to a portion of at least one of the first latch element and the second latch element to move the first reverser portion and the second reverser portion into and out of the reversing position.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This instant specification relates to an aircraft thrust reverseractuation system.

BACKGROUND

Contemporary aircraft engines may include a thrust reverse actuationsystem to assist in reducing the aircraft speed during landing. Typicalthrust reversers include a movable transcowl that when in the activeposition reverses at least a portion of the airflow passing through theengine. To facilitate maintenance of areas of the engine, the moveabletranscowl includes two moveable elements in a “clamshell” or “gull wing”arrangement that opens at the underside to give maintenance personnelaccess to the engine.

Conventional cascade type thrust reverser actuation systems have eitherfour or six actuators per engine nacelle. The actuators are distributedso that each of the two moveable elements per nacelle has either two orthree actuators, thus resulting in a symmetric arrangement of theactuators between the two translating cowls per nacelle. Thisarrangement allows for a relatively even distribution of the transcowlloads to the actuators.

SUMMARY

In general, this document describes a thrust reverser actuation system.

In a first aspect, a turbofan engine system includes a turbofan engine,a nacelle surrounding the turbofan engine and defining an annular bypassduct through the turbofan engine to define a generally forward-to-aftbypass air flow path, a thrust reverser movable to and from a reversingposition where at least a portion of the bypass air flow path isreversed and comprising a first reverser portion having a first latchelement, and a second reverser portion having a second latch elementthat is reversibly engageable with the first latch element to reversiblysecure the second reverser portion to the first reverser portion, and anactuator comprising a catch element reversibly coupled to a portion ofat least one of the first latch element and the second latch element tomove the first reverser portion and the second reverser portion into andout of the reversing position.

Various embodiments can include some, all, or none of the followingfeatures. The turbofan engine system can also include a second actuatorcoupled to the first reverser portion to move the first reverser portioninto and out of the reversing position, and a third actuator coupled tothe second reverser portion to move the second reverser portion into andout of the reversing position. The actuator can be a fluid or electricactuator. The actuator can be a member of a collection of hydraulic orelectric actuators configured to move the thrust reverser into and outof the reversing position, wherein the quantity of hydraulic or electricactuators in the collection is an odd number. The first reverser portioncan include a first semi-tubular portion having the first latch elementat a first circumferential end and a first hinge at a secondcircumferential end opposite the first circumferential end, the secondreverser portion can include a second semi-tubular portion having thesecond latch element at a third circumferential end and a second hingeat a fourth circumferential end opposite the third circumferential endproximal to the first hinge, and the first semi-tubular portion and thesecond semi-tubular portion can form a generally tubular housingsurrounding a portion of the turbofan engine when the first thrustreverser portion is secured to the second thrust reverser portion. Thecatch element can include at least a portion of a loop defining aninterior space, the first latch element can include a first pinconfigured to fit within a portion of the interior space, the secondlatch element can include a second pin configured to fit within anotherportion of the interior space. The catch element can include a shafthaving a first width and a head having a second width that is greaterthan the first width, the first latch element can define a first portionof an aperture configured to accommodate the shaft but not the head, thesecond latch element can define a second portion of the aperture.

In a second aspect, a method of thrust reversing includes coupling afirst reverser portion of a thrust reverser having a first latch elementto a second reverser portion of the thrust reverser having a secondlatch element, engaging, by the coupling, a portion of at least one ofthe first latch element and the second latch element to an actuator,such that the thrust reverser defines a portion of a generallyforward-to-aft bypass air flow path through an annular bypass duct of anacelle surrounding a turbofan engine, actuating the actuator to movethe thrust reverser to a reversing position where at least a portion ofthe bypass air flow path is reversed.

Various implementations can include some, all, or none of the followingfeatures. The method can also include actuating the actuator to move thethrust reverser to a stowed position in which the thrust reverserdefines the portion of the forward-to-aft bypass air flow path. Themethod can also include decoupling the first reverser portion from thesecond reverser portion, and disengaging, by the decoupling, the firstlatch element and the second latch element from the actuator. Decouplingthe first reverser portion from the second reverser portion can includeseparating the first reverser portion from the second reverser portionsuch that the first latch element is spaced apart from the second latchelement. Decoupling the first reverser portion from the second reverserportion can include pivoting first reverser portion about a first hingeat a first circumferential end of a first semi-tubular portion, oppositea second circumferential end having the first latch element, wherein thefirst reverser portion includes the first semi-tubular portion, andpivoting second reverser portion about a second hinge at a thirdcircumferential end of a second semi-tubular portion, opposite a fourthcircumferential end having the second latch element, wherein the secondreverser portion includes the second semi-tubular portion, and thesecond hinge is proximal to the first hinge, separating the first latchportion from the second latch portion as the first reverser portionpivots about the first hinge and as the second reverser portion pivotsabout the second hinge. Coupling the first reverser portion to thesecond reverser portion can include moving the first reverser portiontoward the second reverser portion such that the first latch element isproximal to the second latch element. Coupling the first reverserportion to the second reverser portion can include pivoting firstreverser portion about a first hinge at a first circumferential end of afirst semi-tubular portion, opposite a second circumferential end havingthe first latch element, wherein the first reverser portion includes thefirst semi-tubular portion, and pivoting second reverser portion about asecond hinge at a third circumferential end of a second semi-tubularportion, opposite a fourth circumferential end having the second latchelement, wherein the second reverser portion includes the secondsemi-tubular portion, and the second hinge is proximal to the firsthinge, moving the first latch portion toward the second latch portion asthe first reverser portion pivots about the first hinge and as thesecond reverser portion pivots about the second hinge.

In a third aspect, a thrust reverser apparatus includes a first turbofanengine thrust reverser portion movable to and from a reversing positionand having a first latch element, and a second turbofan engine thrustreverser portion movable to and from the reversing position and having asecond latch element that is reversibly engageable with the first latchelement to reversibly secure the second reverser portion to the firstreverser portion, and an actuator comprising a catch element reversiblycoupled to a portion of at least one of the first latch element and thesecond latch element to move the first reverser portion and the secondreverser portion into and out of the reversing position.

Various embodiments can include some, all, or none of the followingfeatures. The thrust reverser apparatus can also include a secondactuator coupled to the first turbofan engine thrust reverser portion tomove the first turbofan engine thrust reverser portion into and out ofthe reversing position, and a third actuator coupled to the secondturbofan engine thrust reverser portion to move the second turbofanengine thrust reverser portion into and out of the reversing position.The actuator can be an electric or fluid actuator. The actuator can be amember of a collection of hydraulic or electric actuators configured tomove the first turbofan engine thrust reverser portion and the secondturbofan engine thrust reverser portion into and out of the reversingposition, wherein the quantity of hydraulic or electric actuators in thecollection is an odd number. The first turbofan engine thrust reverserportion can include a first semi-tubular portion having the first latchelement at a first circumferential end, and a first hinge at a secondcircumferential end opposite the first circumferential end, the secondturbofan engine thrust reverser portion can include a secondsemi-tubular portion having the second latch element at a thirdcircumferential end, and a second hinge at a fourth circumferential endopposite the third circumferential end proximal to the first hinge, andthe first semi-tubular portion and the second semi-tubular portion canform a generally tubular turbofan engine housing portion configured tosurround a portion of a turbofan engine when the first turbofan enginethrust reverser portion is secured to the second turbofan engine thrustreverser portion. The catch element can include at least a portion of aloop defining an interior space, the first latch element can include afirst pin configured to fit within a portion of the interior space, thesecond latch element can include a second pin configured to fit within aportion of the interior space. The catch element can include a shafthaving a first width and a head having a second width that is greaterthan the first width, the first latch element can define a first portionof an aperture configured to accommodate the shaft but not the head, thesecond latch element can define a second portion of the aperture.

The systems and techniques described here may provide one or more of thefollowing advantages. First, a system can provide up to about a ¼ weightsavings compared to existing solutions. Second, the system can provideup to about a ¼ cost savings compared to existing solutions. Third, thesystem can be up to about ¼ less mechanically complex than existingsolutions.

The details of one or more implementations are set forth in theaccompanying drawings and the description below. Other features andadvantages will be apparent from the description and drawings, and fromthe claims.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a turbofan jet engine with a portion ofthe outer nacelle cut away for clarity.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the engine of FIG. 1 with an exemplarythrust reverser.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the engine of FIG. 1 with an alternativeexemplary thrust reverser.

FIG. 4A is a schematic sectional view of an example thrust reverser in aclosed configuration.

FIG. 4B is a schematic sectional view of the example thrust reverser ofFIG. 4A in an open configuration.

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of an example thrust reverser latch in anopen configuration.

FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the example thrust reverser latch ofFIG. 5A in a closed configuration.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another example thrust reverseractuator.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an example thrust reverser system.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an example process for using a thrustreverser.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

This document describes systems and techniques for reversing aircraftturbine engine airflow. A thrust reverser with at least one movableelement, which is movable to and from a reversing position, may be usedto change the direction of the bypass airflow. In the reversingposition, the movable element may be configured to reverse at least aportion of the bypass airflow. Conventional cascade type thrust reverseractuation systems have either four or six actuators per engine nacelle(e.g., an even number of actuators). The actuators are distributed sothat each of the two moveable elements per nacelle has either two orthree actuators, thus resulting in a symmetric arrangement of theactuators between the two translating cowls per nacelle. Thisarrangement of an even number of actuators allows for a relatively evendistribution of the transcowl loads to the actuators.

Each actuator, however, adds weight to the reverser actuation system.Substantial cost and weight savings can be obtained from reducing thenumber of actuators on a thrust reverser. The minimum number ofactuators currently used is four per nacelle. A reduction to threeactuators per nacelle, using conventional technology, would impose anasymmetric load upon the transcowls if a conventional installation isused. This document describes systems and techniques for reversingturbine engine airflow using three, or another odd number, of actuators.In general, a three-actuator arrangement can be accomplished by placingone actuator on each of the cowls, e.g., at the 10 o'clock and 2 o'clockpositions. A third actuator is placed at the 6 o'clock position. Alatching mechanism engages the left and the right transcowls to a piston(e.g., rod end) of the third (e.g., 6 o'clock) actuator. The transcowlloads will thus be distributed substantially evenly to the actuators,and the transcowls can be unlatched and opened in the typical gull-winghinged arrangement for engine maintenance, as in conventional reverserarrangements.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example turbofan jet engine assembly 10 having aturbine engine 12, a fan assembly 13, and a nacelle 14. Portions of thenacelle 14 have been cut away for clarity. The nacelle 14 surrounds theturbine engine 12 and defines an annular airflow path or annular bypassduct 16 through the jet engine assembly 10 to define a generallyforward-to-aft bypass airflow path as schematically illustrated by thearrow 18. A combustion airflow is schematically illustrated by thearrows 19.

A thrust reverser with at least one movable element, which is movable toand from a reversing position, may be used to change the direction ofthe bypass airflow. In the reversing position, the movable element maybe configured to reverse at least a portion of the bypass airflow. Thereare several methods of obtaining reverse thrust on turbofan jet engineassemblies. FIG. 2 schematically illustrates one example of a thrustreverser 20 that may be used in the turbofan jet engine assembly 10. Thethrust reverser 20 includes a movable element 22. The movable element 22has been illustrated as a cowl portion that is capable of axial motionwith respect to the forward portion of the nacelle 14. A hydraulicactuator 24 may be coupled to the movable element 22 to move the movableelement 22 into and out of the reversing position. In the reversingposition, as illustrated, the movable element 22 limits the annularbypass area between the movable element 22 and the turbine engine 12, italso opens up a portion 26 between the movable element 22 and theforward portion of the nacelle 14 such that the air flow path may bereversed as illustrated by the arrows 28. An optional deflector or flap29 may be included to aid in directing the airflow path between themovable element 22 and the forward portion of the nacelle 14.

FIG. 3 schematically illustrates an alternative example of a thrustreverser 30. The thrust reverser 30 includes a movable element 32. Themovable element 32 has been illustrated as a deflector, which may bebuilt into a portion of the nacelle 14. A hydraulic actuator 34 may becoupled to the movable element 32 to move the movable element 32 intoand out of the reversing position. In the reversing position, shown inphantom and indicated at 36, the movable element 32 turns that airoutward and forward to reverse its direction as illustrated by thearrows 38. An optional deflector or flap 39 may be included to aid indirecting the airflow path outward.

In both illustrative examples, the thrust reverser changes the directionof the thrust force. Both the thrust reverser 20 and the thrust reverser30 have been described as hydraulically operated systems and a hydraulicactuator has been schematically illustrated. In some embodiments, thethrust reverser 20 and/or the thrust reverser 30 can be powered by otherfluids (e.g., pneumatic), by electro-mechanical actuators, or by anyother appropriate power source or actuator type.

FIG. 4A is a schematic sectional view of an example thrust reverser 400(e.g., for an aircraft turbine engine) in a closed configuration. Forexample, FIG. 4A can show an example of the thrust reverser 400 incondition for flight. In some embodiments, the thrust reverser 400 canbe the example thrust reverser 20 of FIG. 2 or the example thrustreverser 30 of FIG. 3.

The thrust reverser 400 includes a moveable transcowl portion 410 a anda moveable transcowl portion 410 b. The moveable transcowl portion 410 ais affixed to an aircraft wing, fuselage, or other structural member(not shown) at a hinge 412 a. The moveable transcowl portion 410 b isaffixed to the aircraft wing, fuselage, or other structural member (notshown) at a hinge 412 b. The moveable transcowl portion 410 a includes alock portion 422 a of a thrust reverser latch 420, and the moveabletranscowl portion 410 b includes a lock portion 422 b of the thrustreverser latch 420. The lock portion 422 b is complementary to, and isconfigured to reversibly engage with, the lock portion 422 a such thatthe moveable transcowl portion 410 a is reversibly affixed to themoveable transcowl portion 410 b by the thrust reverser latch 420.

The thrust reverser 400 includes a synchronized actuator 430 a, asynchronized actuator 430 b, and a synchronized actuator 430 c. In someembodiments, one or more of the synchronized actuators 430 a-430 c canbe hydraulic, pneumatic, or electromechanical linear actuators havingone end affixed to the nacelle or other substantially stationary portionof the engine, and a moveable end (e.g., a piston rod end) that isdirectly or indirectly coupled to one or both of the moveable transcowlportions 410 a or 410 b. In some embodiments, a mechanical cablesynchronization system can interconnect the synchronized actuators 430a-430 c to transmit lock loads between opposite sides of the thrustreverser 400. The synchronized actuator 430 a is located atapproximately the 10 o'clock position (in the current view) of thethrust reverser 400, and is configured to provide actuation primarily tothe moveable transcowl portion 410 a. The synchronized actuator 430 b islocated at approximately the 2 o'clock position (in the current view) ofthe thrust reverser 400, and is configured to provide actuationprimarily to the moveable transcowl portion 410 b.

A third synchronized actuator 430 c is located at approximately the sixo'clock position (in the current view) of the thrust reverser 400. Alatch element 424 a is affixed to the moveable transcowl portion 410 aand is configured to at least partly engage with a catch end 432 of thesynchronized actuator 430 c in the closed configuration. In someembodiments, the catch end 432 is a structure affixed to the moveable(e.g., free) end of the third synchronized actuator 430 c. A latchelement 424 b is affixed to the moveable transcowl portion 410 b and isconfigured to at least partly engage with the catch end 432 and thelatch element 424 a in the closed configuration. In the closed andlatched configuration, the thrust reverser latch 420 engages thesynchronized actuator 430 c such that the synchronized actuator 430 c isarranged to provide actuation to both the moveable transcowl portion 410a and the moveable transcowl portion 410 b. With both of the latchelements 424 a and 424 b engaged with the catch end 432, the transcowlloads will be distributed substantially evenly to the synchronizedactuators 430 a-430 c. The thrust reverser latch 420 and thesynchronized actuator 430 c will be discussed further in thedescriptions of FIGS. 5A-5B.

FIG. 4B is a schematic sectional view of the example thrust reverser 400of FIG. 4A in an open configuration. For example, FIG. 4B can show anexample of the thrust reverser 400 in condition for maintenance. Whentransitioning from the closed configuration shown in FIG. 4A to the openconfiguration shown in FIG. 4B, the thrust reverser latch 420 is openedsuch that the first latch portion 422 a is disengaged from the secondlatch portion 422 b. The moveable transcowl portions 410 a and 410 b canthen be pivoted on the hinges 412 a, 412 b to open the thrust reverser400 in the typical gull-wing hinged arrangement for engine maintenance,as in conventional reverser arrangements.

The synchronized actuator 430 c remains affixed to the moveabletranscowl portion 410 b and the latch element 424 b remains at leastpartly engaged with the catch 432 in the open configuration, while thelatch element 424 a disengages from the catch end 432. In someembodiments, the synchronized actuator 430 c can remain affixed to themoveable transcowl 410 a in the open configuration instead, in which thelatch element 424 a remains at least partly engaged with the catch end432 in the open configuration, while the latch element 424 b disengagesfrom the catch end 432.

FIG. 5A is a perspective view of an example thrust reverser latch 500 inan open configuration. FIG. 5B is a perspective view of the examplethrust reverser latch of FIG. 5A in a closed configuration. In someembodiments, the thrust reverser latch 500 can be the example thrustreverser latch 420 of FIGS. 4A and 4B. For example, the thrust reverserlatch 500 can be the example thrust reverser latch 420 in aconfiguration similar to that shown in FIG. 4B.

A moveable transcowl portion 510 a includes a lock portion 522 a of alock 520 and a latch element 524 a that projects outward from themoveable transcowl portion 510 a. A moveable transcowl portion 510 bincludes a lock portion 522 b of the lock 520 and a latch element 524 bprojects outward from the moveable transcowl portion 510 b toward thelatch element 524 a. The lock portion 522 b is complementary to, and isconfigured to reversibly engage with, the lock portion 522 a such thatthe moveable transcowl portion 510 a is reversibly affixed to themoveable transcowl portion 510 b by the thrust reverser latch 500. Forexample, and as will be discussed further in the description of FIG. 5B,the lock portion 522 a can be a hook, catch, latch arm, or otherappropriate apparatus that is configured pivot to disengage (e.g.,unhook, release) from the lock portion 522 b (e.g., a tab, an eyelet, aslot), and the lock portion 522 a can pivot or otherwise move to engage(e.g., capture, retain, hook) the lock portion 522 b to prevent themoveable transcowl portion 510 b from moving away from the transcowlportion 510 a.

A catch end 532 (e.g., a catch element) is affixed to a distal end 536of a moveable end 538 (e.g., piston rod) of the synchronized actuator530. A bore 534 is defined within the catch end 532. In someembodiments, the catch element 532 forms at least a portion of a loopdefining an interior space (e.g., the bore 534). The bore 534 is sizedto receive and capture at least portions of the latch element 524 a andthe latch element 524 b. In some embodiments, the latch element 524 acan be formed as a first pin configured to fit within a portion of theinterior space (e.g., the bore 534), and the latch element 524 b can beformed as a second pin configured to fit within another portion of theinterior space.

In operation, the thrust reverser latch 500 can be closed from the openconfiguration of FIG. 5A to the configuration of FIG. 5B by moving themoveable transcowl portion 510 b toward the transcowl portion 510 a, asrepresented by the arrows 501. For example, the example thrust reverser400 can be closed from the open, gull-wing example configuration shownin FIG. 4B to the closed example configuration shown in FIG. 4A.

Referring primarily now to FIG. 5B, as the thrust reverser latch 500closes, the latch element 524 a affixed to the moveable transcowlportion 510 a becomes partly inserted within the bore 534 defined withinthe catch end 532 (e.g., or otherwise reversibly engaged with the catchend 532), and the latch element 524 b affixed to the moveable transcowlportion 510 b becomes partly inserted within the bore 534 (e.g., orotherwise reversibly engaged with the catch end 532).

In the closed configuration, the catch end 532 captures or otherwiseengages the moveable transcowl portions 510 a and 510 b through thelatch elements 524 a and 524 b. The moveable end 538 may be extendedand/or retracted (e.g., moved vertically in the illustrated example) bythe synchronized actuator 530 to urge extension and/or retraction of themoveable transcowl portions 510 a and 510 b. Since the catch end 532 isengaged with both of the latch elements 524 a and 524 b, the forcesprovided by the synchronized actuator 530 are distributed insubstantially balanced amounts to both the moveable transcowl portion510 a and the moveable transcowl portion 510 b.

In some embodiments, one of the latch elements 524 a and 524 b may notdisengage from the catch end 532. For example, the synchronized actuator530, moveable end 538, and the catch end 532, may be affixed to eitherthe transcowl portion 510 b, such that when the thrust reverser changesfrom a closed configuration (e.g., FIG. 5B, FIG. 4A) to an openconfiguration (e.g., FIG. 5A, FIG. 4B), the latch element 524 b mayremain at least partly engaged with the catch end 532 while the latchelement 524 a is withdrawn from the bore 534, similar to the exampleconfiguration of the thrust reverser 400 as shown in FIG. 4B.

Once in the closed configuration, the lock portion 522 a can be rotated,as indicated by arrow 560, from an unlocked configuration (e.g., asshown in FIG. 5A) into a locked configuration in which the lock portion522 a at least partly engages the lock portion 522 b (e.g., as shown inFIG. 5B). With the lock portion 522 a engaged with the lock portion 522b, the lock portion 522 b and the transcowl portion 510 b is preventedfrom moving away from the lock portion 522 a and the transcowl portion510 a. In some embodiments, the lock 520 can be a manually operatedmechanism. For example, the lock 520 can be mounted on the exterior ofan engine nacelle such that maintenance personnel can disengage the lock520 to allow the transcowl portions 510 a and 510 b to separate (e.g.,gull-wing opening) to permit access to the engine, and then later closethe transcowl portions 510 a, 510 b and re-engage the lock 520 toprevent separation of the transcowl portions 510 a, 510 b (e.g., duringflight or other normal operations).

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of another example thrust reverser actuator600. In some embodiments, the thrust reverser actuator 500 can be usedin place of the example thrust reverser latch 420 and synchronizedactuator 430 c of FIGS. 4A and 4B.

In general, the embodiments of FIGS. 4A-5B are configured have thesynchronized actuator 430 c or 530 remain stationary (e.g., mounted tothe engine or other bulkhead structure) and have the catch 432 or 532move with the moveable transcowl portions 410 a and 410 b or 510 a and510 b. The thrust reverser actuator 600 differs from these embodimentsin that a distal end 636 of a moveable end 538 is configured to bestationary (e.g., affixed to the engine or bulkhead structure) while asynchronized actuator 630 travels with a moveable transcowl (not shownin its entirety here). The synchronized actuator 630 is affixed to themoveable transcowl by a gimbal assembly 670. For example, the gimbalassembly 670 can allow the synchronized actuator 630 to comply (e.g.,pitch and yaw) as the moveable transcowl is extended and retractedrelative to the engine nacelle.

The thrust reverser 600 includes a thrust reverser latch 601. A moveabletranscowl portion 610 a includes a lock portion 622 a of a lock 620 anda latch element 624 a of the thrust reverser latch 601 that projectsoutward from the moveable transcowl portion 610 a. A moveable transcowlportion 610 b includes a lock portion 622 b of the lock 620 and a latchelement 624 b of the thrust reverser latch 601 projects outward from themoveable transcowl portion 610 b toward the latch element 624 a. In theillustrated example, the latch elements 624 a and 624 b are formed ascomplimentary, approximately semicircular (e.g., half-circle) structuresthat when brought together define a bore 634. The bore 634 is configuredto accommodate a moveable end 636 of the synchronized actuator 630.

The lock portion 622 b is complementary to, and is configured toreversibly engage with, the lock portion 622 a such that the moveabletranscowl portion 610 a is reversibly affixed to the moveable transcowlportion 610 b by the thrust reverser latch 601. For example, the lockportion 622 a can be a hook, catch, latch arm, or other appropriateapparatus that is configured to pivot to disengage (e.g., unhook,release) from the lock portion 622 b (e.g., a tab, an eyelet, a slot),and the lock portion 622 a can pivot or otherwise move to engage (e.g.,capture, retain, hook) the lock portion 622 b to prevent the moveabletranscowl portion 610 b from moving away from the transcowl portion 610a.

A catch end 632 is affixed along a moveable end 638 (e.g., piston rod,shaft) of the synchronized actuator 630. A groove 635 is defined withinthe catch end 632, such that the catch end 632 has a width that isgreater than the width of the groove. The bore 634 is sized to receiveand capture at least portions of the latch element 624 a and the latchelement 624 b. For example, the latch element 624 a can defines a firstportion of an aperture (e.g., the bore 634) can be configured toaccommodate a shaft (e.g., the moveable end 638) but not a head (e.g.,the catch end 632), and the latch element 624 b can define a secondportion of the aperture.

In operation, the thrust reverser latch 601 can be closed from an openconfiguration (e.g., as shown) to a closed configuration by moving themoveable transcowl portion 610 b toward the transcowl portion 610 a. Forexample, the example thrust reverser 400 can be closed from the open,gull-wing example configuration shown in FIG. 4B to the closed exampleconfiguration shown in FIG. 4A.

As the thrust reverser latch 601 closes, the latch element 624 a affixedto the moveable transcowl portion 610 a becomes partly inserted withinthe groove 635 defined within the catch end 632 (e.g., or otherwisereversibly engaged with the catch end 632), and the latch element 624 baffixed to the moveable transcowl portion 610 b becomes partly insertedwithin the groove 635 (e.g., or otherwise reversibly engaged with thecatch end 632). As such, the bore 634 substantially surrounds themoveable end 638 within the groove 635, and the latch elements 624 a and624 b are reversibly affixed to the moveable end 638 such that thesynchronized actuator 630 is configured to urge linear movement of themoveable transcowl portions 610 a and 610 b.

In the closed configuration, the catch end 632 reversibly engages themoveable transcowl portions 610 a and 610 b through the latch elements624 a and 624 b. The moveable end 638 may be extended and/or retracted(e.g., moved diagonally in the illustrated example) by the synchronizedactuator 630 to urge extension and/or retraction on the moveabletranscowl portions 610 a and 610 b. Since the catch end 632 is engagedwith both of the latch elements 624 a and 624 b, the forces provided bythe synchronized actuator 630 are distributed in substantially balancedamounts to both the moveable transcowl portion 610 a and the moveabletranscowl portion 610 b.

In some embodiments, one of the latch elements 624 a or 624 b may notdisengage from the catch end 632. For example, the synchronized actuator630 may be affixed to either the transcowl portion 610 b, such that whenthe thrust reverser changes from a closed configuration (e.g., FIG. 5B,FIG. 4A) to an open configuration (e.g., FIG. 5A, FIG. 4B), the latchelement 624 b may remain at least partly engaged with the catch end 632while the latch element 624 a is withdrawn from the groove 635, similarto the example configuration of the thrust reverser 400 as shown in FIG.4B.

Once in the closed configuration, the lock portion 622 a can be rotatedfrom an unlocked configuration (e.g., similar to the one shown in FIG.5A) into a locked configuration in which the lock portion 622 a at leastpartly engages the lock portion 622 b (e.g., similar to the one shown inFIG. 5B). With the lock portion 622 a engaged with the lock portion 622b, the lock portion 622 b and the transcowl portion 610 b is preventedfrom moving away from the lock portion 622 a and the transcowl portion610 a. In some embodiments, the lock 620 can be a manually operatedmechanism. For example, the lock 620 can be mounted on the exterior ofan engine nacelle such that maintenance personnel can disengage the lock620 to allow the transcowl portions 610 a and 610 b to separate (e.g.,gull-wing opening) to permit access to the engine, and then later closethe transcowl portions 610 a, 610 b and re-engage the lock 620 toprevent separation of the transcowl portions 610 a, 610 b (e.g., duringflight or other normal operations).

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an example thrust reverser system 700. Insome embodiments, the thrust reverser system 700 can include some or allof the example thrust reverser 400 of FIGS. 4A and 4B, the examplethrust reverser latch 500 of FIGS. 5A and 5B, and/or the example thrustreverser actuator 600 of FIG. 6. In some embodiments, the exampleturbofan jet engine assembly 10 of FIGS. 1-3 can include the examplethrust reverser system 700.

A moveable transcowl portion 710 a includes a lock portion 722 a of alock 720 and a latch element 724 a that projects outward from themoveable transcowl portion 710 a. A moveable transcowl portion 710 bincludes a lock portion 722 b of the lock 720 and a latch element 724 bprojects outward from the moveable transcowl portion 710 b toward thelatch element 724 a. In the illustrated example, the moveable transcowlportions 710 a and 710 b are show as being flat (e.g., planar) only forease of viewing. In their intended form, the moveable transcowl portions710 a and 710 b both have a semi-tubular (e.g., half-cylinder) shape,such that when brought together in a closed configuration the moveabletranscowl portions 710 a and 710 b form a generally tubular,cylindrical, or conic section that can surround a portion of a turbineengine. For example, the moveable transcowl portions 710 a and 710 b canbe the example moveable transcowl portions 410 a and 410 b of FIGS. 4Aand 4B.

The lock portion 722 b is complementary to, and is configured toreversibly engage with, the lock portion 722 a such that the moveabletranscowl portion 710 a is reversibly affixed to the moveable transcowlportion 710 b by a thrust reverser latch 701. For example, the lockportion 722 a can be a hook, catch, latch arm, or other appropriateapparatus that is configured to pivot to disengage (e.g., unhook,release) from the lock portion 722 b (e.g., a tab, an eyelet, a slot),and the lock portion 522 a can pivot or otherwise move to engage (e.g.,capture, retain, hook) the lock portion 722 b to prevent the moveabletranscowl portion 710 b from moving away from the transcowl portion 710a.

The moveable transcowl portion 710 a is affixed to an aircraft wing,fuselage, or other structural member (not shown) at a hinge 712 a. Themoveable transcowl portion 710 b is affixed to the aircraft wing,fuselage, or other structural member (not shown) at a hinge 712 b.

The thrust reverser system 700 includes a synchronized actuator 730 a, asynchronized actuator 730 b, and a synchronized actuator 730 c. In someembodiments, one or more of the synchronized actuators 730 a-730 c canbe hydraulic, pneumatic, electromechanical linear actuators having aproximal end 731 affixed to the nacelle or other substantiallystationary portion of the engine, and a moveable end 738 (e.g., a pistonrod end) that is directly or indirectly coupled to one or both of themoveable transcowl portions 710 a or 710 b. In some embodiments, amechanical synchronization system 770 (e.g., a cable or shaft interlink)can interconnect the synchronized actuators 730 a-730 c to transmit lockloads between opposite sides of the thrust reverser system 700. Thesynchronized actuator 730 a is configured to provide actuation primarilyto the moveable transcowl portion 710 a. The synchronized actuator 430 bis configured to provide actuation primarily to the moveable transcowlportion 710 b.

A latch element 724 a is affixed to the moveable transcowl portion 710 aand is configured to at least partly engage with a catch end 732 of thesynchronized actuator 730 c in the closed configuration. In someembodiments, the catch end 732 is a structure affixed to the moveable(e.g., free) end of the third synchronized actuator 730 c. A latchelement 724 b is affixed to the moveable transcowl portion 710 b and isconfigured to at least partly engage with the catch end 732 and thelatch element 724 a in the closed configuration. In the closed andlatched configuration, the thrust reverser latch 720 engages thesynchronized actuator 730 c such that the synchronized actuator 730 c isarranged to provide actuation to both the moveable transcowl portion 710a and the moveable transcowl portion 710 b. With both of the latchelements 724 a and 724 b engaged with the catch end 732, the transcowlloads will be distributed substantially evenly to the synchronizedactuators 730 a-730 c.

A catch end 732 is affixed to a distal end 736 of the moveable end 738(e.g., piston rod) of the synchronized actuator 730 c. A bore 734 isdefined within the catch end 732. The bore 734 is sized to receive andcapture at least portions of the latch element 724 a and the latchelement 724 b.

In operation, the thrust reverser latch 701 can be closed from the openconfiguration (e.g., as shown in the example of FIG. 5A) to the closedconfiguration (e.g., as shown in the example of FIG. 5B) by moving themoveable transcowl portion 710 b toward the transcowl portion 710 a. Forexample, the example the moveable transcowl portions 710 a and 710 b canbe closed from an open, gull-wing configuration such as the one shown inFIG. 4B to a closed configuration such as the one shown in FIG. 4A.

As the thrust reverser latch 701 closes, the latch element 724 a affixedto the moveable transcowl portion 710 a becomes partly inserted withinthe bore 734 defined within the catch end 732 (e.g., or otherwisereversibly engaged with the catch end 732), and the latch element 724 baffixed to the moveable transcowl portion 710 b becomes partly insertedwithin the bore 734 (e.g., or otherwise reversibly engaged with thecatch end 732).

In the closed configuration, the catch end 732 captures or otherwiseengages the moveable transcowl portions 710 a and 710 b through thelatch elements 724 a and 724 b. The moveable end 738 may be extendedand/or retracted (e.g., moved vertically in the illustrated example) bythe synchronized actuator 730 to urge extension and/or retraction on themoveable transcowl portions 710 a and 710 b. Since the catch end 732 isengaged with both of the latch elements 724 a and 724 b, the forcesprovided by the synchronized actuator 730 are distributed insubstantially balanced amounts to both the moveable transcowl portion710 a and the moveable transcowl portion 710 b.

In some embodiments, one of the latch elements 724 a and 724 b may notdisengage from the catch end 732. For example, the synchronized actuator730, moveable end 738, and the catch end 732, may be affixed to eitherthe transcowl portion 710 b, such that when the thrust reverser changesfrom a closed configuration (e.g., FIG. 5B, FIG. 4A) to an openconfiguration (e.g., FIG. 5A, FIG. 4B), the latch element 724 b mayremain at least partly engaged with the catch end 732 while the latchelement 724 a is withdrawn from the bore 734, similar to the exampleconfiguration of the thrust reverser 400 as shown in FIG. 4B.

Once in the closed configuration, the lock portion 722 a can be rotated,as indicated by arrow 760, from an unlocked configuration into a lockedconfiguration in which the lock portion 722 a at least partly engagesthe lock portion. With the lock portion 722 a engaged with the lockportion 722 b, the lock portion 722 b and the transcowl portion 710 b isprevented from moving away from the lock portion 722 a and the transcowlportion 710 a. In some embodiments, the lock 720 can be a manuallyoperated mechanism. For example, the lock 720 can be mounted on theexterior of an engine nacelle such that maintenance personnel candisengage the lock 720 to allow the transcowl portions 710 a and 710 bto separate (e.g., gull-wing opening) to permit access to the engine,and then later close the transcowl portions 710 a, 710 b and re-engagethe lock 720 to prevent separation of the transcowl portions 710 a, 710b (e.g., during flight or other normal operations).

The moveable transcowl portions 710 a and 710 b are operated bycontrollably directing pressurized fluid (e.g., hydraulic fluid) to thesynchronized actuators 730 a-730 c. Pressurized fluid is provided to anisolation valve 780 through a fluid conduit 782. Fluid is returned fromthe isolation valve 780 through a fluid conduit 783. The isolation valve780 is operable to direct fluid flows to a track lock 786. As a slider790 moves with the moveable transcowl portions 710 a and 710 b, thetrack lock 786 controllably permits and blocks the flow of fluid to alock 792 a and a lock 792 b. The lock 792 a is configured tocontrollably prevent and permit actuation of the synchronized actuator730 a, and the lock 792 b is configured to controllably prevent andpermit actuation of the synchronized actuator 730 b.

The isolation valve 780 is also operable to direct fluid flows to adirectional control valve 788. The directional control valve 788 isoperable to direct fluid flows to the synchronized actuators 730 a-730 cto actuate the synchronized actuators 730 a-730 c and urge movement ofthe moveable transcowl portions 710 a and 710 b between a stowedconfiguration and a deployed configuration. For example, in oneconfiguration of the directional control valve 788 pressurized fluid canbe directed to flow to the synchronized actuators 730 a-730 c through afluid conduit 794 and return through a fluid conduit 795 in order todeploy the moveable transcowl portions 710 a and 710 b, and in anotherconfiguration of the directional control valve 788 pressurized fluid canbe directed to flow to the synchronized actuators 730 a-730 c through afluid conduit 795 and return through a fluid conduit 794 in order tostow the moveable transcowl portions 710 a and 710 b.

FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an example process 800 for using a thrustreverser. In some implementations, the process 800 can be used with theexample turbofan jet engine assembly 10 of FIGS. 1-3, the example thrustreverser 20, the example thrust reverser 30, the example thrust reverser400 of FIGS. 4A and 4B, the example thrust reverser latch 500 of FIGS.5A and 5B, the example thrust reverser actuator 600 of FIG. 6, and/orthe example thrust reverser system 700 of FIG. 7.

At 810, a first reverser portion of a thrust reverser having a firstlatch element is coupled to a second reverser portion of the thrustreverser having a second latch element. For example, the example themoveable transcowl portion 510 a can be coupled to the moveabletranscowl portion 510 b though the latch element 524 a and the latchelement 524 b.

At 820, a portion of at least one of the first latch element and thesecond latch element are engaged, by the coupling, to an actuator, suchthat the thrust reverser defines a portion of a generally forward-to-aftbypass airflow path through an annular bypass duct of a nacellesurrounding a turbofan engine. For example, thrust reverser 400 can bemoved to the closed configuration shown in FIG. 4A from the openconfiguration shown in FIG. 4B. During such movement, the thrustreverser latch 500 can move from the open and disengaged configurationshown in FIG. 5A to the closed and engaged configuration shown in FIG.5B. As shown in FIG. 5B the latch element 524 a and the latch element524 b are partly inserted into the bore 534 and engage the synchronizedactuator 530, and as shown in FIG. 4A, the thrust reverser 20, 30,and/or 400 form at least a portion of the annular bypass duct 16 of thenacelle 14 surrounding the turbofan engine 12.

In some implementations, coupling the first reverser portion to thesecond reverser portion can include moving the first reverser portiontoward the second reverser portion such that the first latch element isproximal to the second latch element. In some implementations, couplingthe first reverser portion to the second reverser portion can includepivoting first reverser portion about a first hinge at a firstcircumferential end of a first semi-tubular portion, opposite a secondcircumferential end having the first latch element, wherein the firstreverser portion includes the first semi-tubular portion, and pivotingsecond reverser portion about a second hinge at a third circumferentialend of a second semi-tubular portion, opposite a fourth circumferentialend having the second latch element, wherein the second reverser portionincludes the second semi-tubular portion, and the second hinge isproximal to the first hinge, moving the first latch portion toward thesecond latch portion as the first reverser portion pivots about thefirst hinge and as the second reverser portion pivots about the secondhinge. For example the moveable transcowl portion 410 a is configured topivot on the hinge 412 a, and the moveable transcowl portion 410 b isconfigured to pivot on the hinge 412 b, such that the thrust reverser400 can close from a gull-wing configuration such as the one shown inFIG. 4B.

At 830, the actuator is actuated to move the thrust reverser to areversing position where at least a portion of the bypass airflow pathis reversed. For example, the synchronized actuator 430 c (e.g., alongwith the synchronized actuators 430 a and 430 b) can be actuated to movethe thrust reverser 400 into a reversing position such as the positionof the thrust reverser 20 shown in FIG. 2.

In some implementations, the process 800 can also include actuating theactuator to move the thrust reverser to a stowed position in which thethrust reverser defines the portion of the forward-to-aft bypass airflowpath. For example, the synchronized actuator 430 c (e.g., along with thesynchronized actuators 430 a and 430 b) can be actuated to move thethrust reverser 400 into a stowed position to create a configurationsuch as the one shown in FIG. 1.

In some implementations, the process 800 can also include decoupling thefirst reverser portion from the second reverser portion, anddisengaging, by the decoupling, the first latch element and the secondlatch element from the actuator. In some implementations, decoupling thefirst reverser portion from the second reverser portion can includeseparating the first reverser portion from the second reverser portionsuch that the first latch element is spaced apart from the second latchelement. For example, the example thrust reverser latch 500 can be movedfrom the closed configuration shown in FIG. 5B to the open configurationof FIG. 5A, in which one or both of the latch elements 524 a and 524 bcan be withdrawn or otherwise disengaged from the catch end 532 todecouple the transcowl portion 510 a and/or 510 b from the synchronizedactuator 530.

In some implementations, decoupling the first reverser portion from thesecond reverser portion can include pivoting first reverser portionabout a first hinge at a first circumferential end of a firstsemi-tubular portion, opposite a second circumferential end having thefirst latch element, wherein the first reverser portion includes thefirst semi-tubular portion, and pivoting second reverser portion about asecond hinge at a third circumferential end of a second semi-tubularportion, opposite a fourth circumferential end having the second latchelement, wherein the second reverser portion includes the secondsemi-tubular portion, and the second hinge is proximal to the firsthinge, separating the first latch portion from the second latch portionas the first reverser portion pivots about the first hinge and as thesecond reverser portion pivots about the second hinge. For example themoveable transcowl portion 410 a is configured to pivot on the hinge 412a, and the moveable transcowl portion 410 b is configured to pivot onthe hinge 412 b, such that the thrust reverser 400 can open in agull-wing configuration, e.g., to permit service access to an engine.

Although a few implementations have been described in detail above,other modifications are possible. For example, the logic flows depictedin the figures do not require the particular order shown, or sequentialorder, to achieve desirable results. In addition, other steps may beprovided, or steps may be eliminated, from the described flows, andother components may be added to, or removed from, the describedsystems. Accordingly, other implementations are within the scope of thefollowing claims.

1-7. (canceled)
 8. A method of thrust reversing comprising: coupling afirst reverser portion of a thrust reverser having a first latchelement, to a second reverser portion of the thrust reverser having asecond latch element; engaging, by the coupling, a portion of at leastone of the first latch element and the second latch element to anactuator, such that the thrust reverser defines a portion of a generallyforward-to-aft bypass air flow path through an annular bypass duct of anacelle surrounding a turbofan engine; and actuating the actuator tomove the thrust reverser to a reversing position where at least aportion of the bypass air flow path is reversed.
 9. The method of claim8, further comprising actuating the actuator to move the thrust reverserto a stowed position in which the thrust reverser defines the portion ofthe forward-to-aft bypass air flow path.
 10. The method of claim 8,further comprising: decoupling the first reverser portion from thesecond reverser portion; and disengaging, by the decoupling, the firstlatch element and the second latch element from the actuator.
 11. Themethod of claim 10, wherein decoupling the first reverser portion fromthe second reverser portion comprises separating the first reverserportion from the second reverser portion such that the first latchelement is spaced apart from the second latch element.
 12. The method ofclaim 10, wherein decoupling the first reverser portion from the secondreverser portion comprises: pivoting first reverser portion about afirst hinge at a first circumferential end of a first semi-tubularportion, opposite a second circumferential end having the first latchelement, wherein the first reverser portion comprises the firstsemi-tubular portion; pivoting second reverser portion about a secondhinge at a third circumferential end of a second semi-tubular portion,opposite a fourth circumferential end having the second latch element,wherein the second reverser portion comprises the second semi-tubularportion, and the second hinge is proximal to the first hinge; andseparating the first's reverser portion from the second's reverserportion as the first reverser portion pivots about the first hinge andas the second reverser portion pivots about the second hinge.
 13. Themethod of claim 8, wherein coupling the first reverser portion to thesecond reverser portion comprises moving the first reverser portiontoward the second reverser portion such that the first latch element isproximal to the second latch element.
 14. The method of claim 8, whereincoupling the first reverser portion to the second reverser portioncomprises: pivoting first reverser portion about a first hinge at afirst circumferential end of a first semi-tubular portion, opposite asecond circumferential end having the first latch element, wherein thefirst reverser portion comprises the first semi-tubular portion;pivoting second reverser portion about a second hinge at a thirdcircumferential end of a second semi-tubular portion, opposite a fourthcircumferential end having the second latch element, wherein the secondreverser portion comprises the second semi-tubular portion, and thesecond hinge is proximal to the first hinge; and moving the first'sreverser portion toward the second's reverser portion as the firstreverser portion pivots about the first hinge and as the second reverserportion pivots about the second hinge. 15-21. (canceled)
 22. The methodof claim 8, further comprising: actuating a second actuator coupled tothe first reverser portion to move the thrust reverser to the reversingposition; and actuating a third actuator coupled to the second reverserportion to move the thrust reverser to the reversing position.
 23. Themethod of claim 8, wherein the actuator is a fluid or electric actuator.24. The method of claim 8, wherein the actuator is a member of acollection of fluid or hydraulic actuators configured to move the thrustreverser into and out of the reversing position, wherein the quantity offluid or hydraulic actuators in the collection is an odd number.
 25. Themethod of claim 8, wherein: the first reverser portion comprises a firstsemi-tubular portion having the first latch element at a firstcircumferential end, and a first hinge at a second circumferential endopposite the first circumferential end; the second reverser portioncomprises a second semi-tubular portion having the second latch elementat a third circumferential end, and a second hinge at a fourthcircumferential end opposite the third circumferential end proximal tothe first hinge; and the first semi-tubular portion and the secondsemi-tubular portion form a generally tubular housing surrounding aportion of the turbofan engine when the first reverser portion issecured to the second reverser portion.
 26. The method of claim 8,wherein: the catch element comprises at least a portion of a loopdefining an interior space; the first latch element comprises a firstpin configured to fit within a portion of the interior space; and thesecond latch element comprises a second pin configured to fit withinanother portion of the interior space.
 27. The method of claim 8,wherein: the catch element comprises a shaft having a first width and ahead having a second width that is greater than the first width; thefirst latch element defines a first portion of an aperture configured toaccommodate the shaft but not the head; and the second latch elementdefines a second portion of the aperture.